干预式评估;问题或暗示

互动式评估

考试驱动教学

日常教学不是考试

动态评估，测评与教学融为一体，以发展为目标：

科学概念在教学中的重要意义

科学概念变为工具帮助学生思考，抽象概念与具体案例相结合

学习概念，系统互动。概念通过物化方式理解。

日常概念来源于生活。科学概念系统性：数理化等

1. 科学概念对二语教学的启示

merrily swain启蒙

the development of cognitive funtions 

innate abilities growing into 

from the social to the psychological 

the faded images as background 

科学概念

the colors and the fading 

the problem situation 

the general problem situation 

modelling 

germ-cell 

feild tenor 

theoretical concept of communication 

applying the models 

tools for result 

concepts are not just empty explanations; rather, they need to be functional tools to faciliatate problem solving. 

tools -for result are constructed with a firm goal in mind 

tools and result are modeled and utilized as part of the results 

扎根课堂，教研一体：高校研究者专业引领下的中小学英语教师发展新模式研究

陈文婷 小学英语jiao'shi