篇章中的推理
一、推理题概述
二、篇章推理中的技巧：阅读大赛真题解析
三、备赛指南
一、推理题概述
1. 什么是推理？
2. 主要题型示例及考查点
1. 什么是推理？
广义：All mental activities based on certain logic
狭义：1. What is said----what is unsaid
2. Logical reasoing: logic (逻辑推理)
2. 主要题型示例及考查点
Which of the following details is probably coming next?
Which of the following is (in)correct?
Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
Which of the following best fits . . . in the passage?
What can we know about the example of . . . according to the passage?
What can be inferred from the passage?
Which of the following . . . best matches . . . ?
考查点：
理解、辨别、分析、比对已知信息，然后进行判断或推断；
上下句、上下段、全文结构
选项中的语言知识点
二、篇章推理中的技巧：阅读大赛真题解析
类型一：上下句（文）义理解
Which of the following details for Headlines A-D is Least probably coming next?
A. For French Teens, Smoking Still Has More Allure Than Stigma
A) French teens smoke at a much lower rate than their American counterparts.
B. Police Seek Killer in Queens; Community Demands Justice
B) New York police are tracking down the gunman who shot the leader of a mosque.
C. Federal State of Emergency over Lead-laced Water Ends in Flint, Minch.
C) The city continues to navigate a public health crisis caused by lead-laced water.
D. Ryan Lochte and 3 other U.S. Swimmers Robbed at Gunpoint in Rio
D) Lochtes's taxi was stopped by robbers, and luckily no swimmers were hurt.
类型二：全篇文义理解
There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example, where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
Which of the following BEST describes the main purpose of the text?
A. It sets the scene for a poignant, tragic or horrifying ghost story.
B. It describes the serene beauty of nature when humans are not interfering.
C. It presents a dramatic change in nature which implies future disasters.
D. It depicts a true world of wild life where the law of the jungle works.
解题思路：关键词、全文意思、情感倾向、选项语义、排除、比对、判断
Directions: REad the text and decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.
Questions define tasks, express problems, and delineate issues. They drive thinking forward. Answers, on the other hand, often signal a full stop in thought. Only when an answer generates further questions does thought continue as inquiry. A mind with no questions is a mind that is not intellectually alive. No questions (asked) equals no understanding (achieved). Superficial questions equal superficial understanding, unclear quesitons equal unclear understandign. If your mind is not actively generating questions, you are not engaged in susbtantial learning.
1. The main purpose of the text is to define "questions". (F)
It can be inferred that a mind filled with questions will surely be engaged in substantial learning. (F)
类型三：全文内容及篇章结构
__________ In a similar way, some desert plants can balloon and shrink depending on the availability of water. When it rains in the desert, these plants can increase as much as 50% through water absorption. In drought periods, these desert sponges gradually shrink as they use their internal water to help them survive.
Which of the following most probably comes at the beginning of the text?
A. In boreal forests many trees have needle-like leaves which shape loses less water and sheds snow more easily than broad leaves.
B. Seldom do we see dark-clored plants indeserts. Many have light-colored spines, hairs, or leaves reflecting heat and trapping moisture.
C. Imagine an accordion. When you pull it apart, it expands and pulls in air. Push it together and the air is forced out, creating music.
D. An umbrella is an umbrella when it is carried in the rain. When on a sunny day it is to shield its user from the sun, it is called a "parasol".
解题思路：关键词，全文组织，选项语义，比对
排除相似项，代入原文比对，审视细节
With E-book sales increasing by more than 300% for the second year, publishers delivering new revenue streams through E-book Apps, and academic publishers long having derived some 90% of their revenue online, it is a travesty to describe all this as the publishing world being "in denial" about digital.
What is the main idea of this text?
A. Publishers are making profits from E-book sales.
B. Not all publishers are threatened by digital storms.
C. E-books become a main source of revenue for publishers.
D. Traditional publishing industry is dying out.
三、备赛指南
1. 答题过程与技巧
仔细阅读题干，搞清设问（锁定上下句，再看全文）
浏览原文，了解文意，确定关键词（关键词，篇章组织）
排除或选定最易判断的选项（排除错误项、相似项）
代入原文，比对，确定答案（代入原文，进行比对）
2. 平时的积累与训练
英语能力（词汇、篇章结构、连接词）
思维训练（逻辑思维，分析，比对，排除法）
阅读广度（博览，阅读习惯、长短文阅读）
