1.评价素养：理解层面。比如信度。

Classroom Assessment: teachers + students

assessment for learning and assessment as learning:

approach; purpose; reference points; key assessor

observation:

formal and planned observations;

unplanned and informal observvations.

self-assessment

disvantages: subjectivity, accuracy and concept of assessment

Journal: regularly write down your thougts and experiences; continued series of writings

interviewing: interaction

disadvantages

portfolio : purposeful

sutdents' self-reflection

peer review/ peer assessment