新四级强化辅导 写作

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应用文是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的文字工具。

 

常见类型:便条、通知、书信(常考)、广告、简历。。。

 

书信:感谢信、邀请信、道歉信、投诉信。。。

 

书信格式:

日期:

A.位置:整个信纸的右上角

B.格式:

月日年(美式)、日月年(英式)

月:英文全称/缩写

月份缩写:

通常:

January-Jan.           February-Feb.

March-Mar.            April-Apr.

June-Jun.               July-Jul.

August-Aug.          October-Oct.

November-Nov.    December-Dec.

特例:

May-May               September-Sept.

日:基数词/序数词

通常:数字+th;

特例:x1-st,x2nd,x3rd。

年:写全(四位数)

*日月与年之间用逗号隔开

*除非题目有明确要求,否则不写

 

称呼:

A.位置:日期下一行,左起顶格

B.格式:

正式:

1.(对方姓名已知):

Dear+称谓+姓/全名

2.(对方姓名未知):

Dear+称谓

非正式:Dear+名

 

落款:

A.位置:正文下方一至两行处,中间偏右

B.格式:结束语:首字母大写,末尾加逗号;姓名

正式:Truly/Sincerely/Faithfully/Respectfully   yours,

 +姓名

非正式:

Best regards, /Best wishes, /Yours, 

+姓名

 

*按要求写姓名,一般不要写真实姓名

 

 

 

书信正文

开头段

寒暄(熟悉的人)(打个招呼 )/自我介绍(不熟的人)+书信目的

 

正文段

结尾段

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遣词造句有妙招

 

1.词句问题诊断

常见问题(对应第二点的解决办法):

缺少词组、短语搭配

选词普通,缺乏亮点

选词宽泛,不够具体

句型简单,略显贫乏

 

2.遣词原则分享

基础词汇-高级词汇

反复使用一个词的时候,一定要进行替换!

important-key、significant、vital、essential、crucial、critical.

获得-get-gain、acquire、obtain-accumulate.

 

宽泛词汇-具体词汇

美:

(泛泛之美)beautiful

(迷人之美)attractive、charming、gorgeous.

(可爱之美)cute、lovely.

(典雅之美)elegant

 

teacher-professor、lecturer、instructor、tutor、 supervisor、advisor

student- pupil、college student(freshman、sophomore、junior、senior)

doctor-physician、surgeon、dentist、psychologist

找对象-将对象“具体化”

 

单词-短语

consider-take...into consideration、take...into account、in consideration of

use-take...advantage of、make use of

many-a wide variety of、a great number of、plenty of、a large amount of

 

tips:

》1.不要使用缩写或符号;

》2.词以类记,升级词汇,例如:think-believe、insist、conclude、argue、maintain、be fully convinced。

 

3.造句方法点津

》1.句型套用法;

五大高分句型:

最牛主系表:It is+adj.+for...to do...;

用于表示事物的特征、特点

强调句:It is/was...that...;

用于强调要点或总结

倒装句:Only by...can...;

用于在总结段落(结尾)中重申观点

双重否定句;

用于加强语气

高级修辞句。

A is to B what C is to D.

》2.短句扩充法;

A.局部扩充

a.增加定语、定语从句

b.增加同位语

B.整体扩充

a.增加状语、状语从句

b.S-E-E结构

写完一段陈述过后,看看能不能用上SEE

Statement...

+

Explanation(...because...)

and/or

Example(for instance,for example)

》3.简单句整合法。

step1提取“公共元素”(“相同主语”)

step2使用连词、复杂句(定从、状语、同位语等)

/*Being founded 40 years ago, the company whichemloys nearly 400 people has branch offices in four cities now.*/

// 4.词句美颜示范

 

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书信日期写在整封书信的右上角  

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important  essential crucial  critical  重要的  

supervisor  导师   deny  否定

 

 

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通常:数字+th

特例:1st/21st/31st

2nd/22nd

3rd/23rd

感谢:Thank you again for 

祝贺:Congratulations again on

建议:I hope my advice could help

邀请:I hope you could accept our invitation

期待对方回信:1.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

2.I an looking forward to hearing from you soon.

3.your early reply will be highly appreciated.

美国文学课:American literature Class

学生会:the Student Student

First  of all...

In addition... 

After that...

prepared speech事先准备好的演讲

deliver one's speech发表演讲

be supposed to应该

at one's earliest convenience在某人方便的时候尽早...

 

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11重要的 essential crucial key critical significant vital.important

获得知识get/gain/acquire/obtain/accumutate knowledge   

讲师 lecturer 家教老师 tutor         辅导员老师 advisor

宽泛词汇              具体词汇 

Nowadays,an increasing number of college students are taking part-time jobs.Many university porfessors think it is a great idea while most parents believe it is not necessary.

students         college students

some people-many university porfessors  

other-most parents

单词   变             短语    认为consider   take...into consideration  /take...into account/in consideration of

use   take...advantage of/make use of

mamy   a wide variety of/a great number of/plenty of/a large amount of. 

经济   financial

负担  burden

Economic development plays a very significant role in China.

发展中国的经济很重要。

五大高分句型

1.It is +adj.+for...to do... 用于表示事物的特征、特点

It is rather significicant China to develop its economy.

2.强调句 It is/was...that...用于强调要点或总结

It is the development of China's economy that is very significant.

3.Only by...can...倒装句,用于在总结段落中重申观点

例:Only by economy can China be developed well.

Only by the joint efforts between the governmental and us ordinary citizens can we embrace a bright future.

4.双重否定句 China can hardly be developed without its economy.

The significance of economic development to China can never be denied.

There is no denying that developing China's economy plays an important role.

5.高级修辞句:比喻:A is to B what C is to D.用于阐明事物间的关系

Economic development is to China what foundation is to skyscrapers.

经济的发展对中国来说就像地基对摩天大楼一样。

短句扩充法:1.局部扩充 A/增加定语、定语从句 B.增加同位语

B.Shenyang,the city where I was born and raised,is the capital of Liaoning Province.

2.整体扩充法:A.增加状语/状语从句 B.S-E-E结构

ever-changing 时刻变化的 adj.

B.S-E-E结构:statement... explanation(...because...) example(for instance,for example)

例:A great number of university students cant't find desirable jobs upon graduation ,because the job market is quite competitive.

Nowadays,more and more people are using cell phones every day.The result of this thing is very bad.First,people's relation many become far.Second,using phone for long time is bad for health ,skin diseases,for example.

In recent years,an increasing number of people are using mobile phones in their daily life .The consequences of this phenomenon can never be denied.The most obvious one is that human relationship may become estrangeed and tense.Moreover,too much use of cell phones may exert negative influence on their health.For instance,the radiation from electronic device accounts for nearly one third of skin-related diseases.

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A is to B what foundtion is to skyscrapers

 

estranged and tense 

 Moreover, too much use of cell phones may exert negative influence

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