- 转换视角技能
- 技巧探秘
- 逐字翻译原文后得到的译文经常过于生硬、不符合英文表达习惯。
- 翻译遇到阻碍，百思不得其解。
- 选择转换视角，让思维变得更加灵活。
- 技能优势
- 增加译文的选择，降低失分风险
- 贴近英文的表达习惯，提高译文质量
- 贴合语境，加强语气
- 转换方法
- 反义表达.：将原文中的字面意义用反义表达,
如，闲人免进STAFF ONLY
经历了这么多苦难，我们应该铭记历史。
Having gone through so many afflictions, we should always remember the history.
Having gone through so many alictions, we should never leave the history behind us.
- 主宾转换：原文中的宾语换做译文中的主语;原文中的主语换做译文中的宾语
Example 1如今，越来越多的中国游客选择出国旅行。
Nowadays, more and more Chinese tourists choose to travel abroad.
转换后:Nowadays, traveling abroad becomes the choice of more and more Chinese tourists.
Example 2在一些偏远山区，人们出行仍然离不开马匹。
In some rural mountainous regions, local people still depend on horses to travel.
转换后: .In some rural mountainous regions, horses are still a necessary transportation means for local people.
- 主被动转换：用被动语态翻译原文中的主动意义
Example 1：中国南方大多种植水稻。(CET-4, 2015年6月)
Rice is grown mostly in southern China.
Example 2：有了纸张以后，砚台随着笔墨的使用而发展。
After paper had been invented, the ink stone was developed with the wide use of writing brushes and ink.
- 拆分/合并
汉语:意合语言，句子结构松散，多简单句、短句。
英语:形合语言，句子结构严谨，多复杂句、长句。
根据语境的需要和自己的能力，在不影响大意的情况下，将长句拆分成短句翻译，或者将短句合并成长句翻译，使译文更加流畅、更贴近目标语表达习惯。.
- 拆分技能：将一一个较为复杂、较长的句子拆成若干短句、简单句进行翻译。技能优势：②理清中文句子的逻辑，更加清晰、准确地输出英文：②避免中译英关联词缺失或用错的问题
Example 1：“瓷器”和“中国”在英文里是一个词，这说明欧洲人很早就认识到中国是和瓷器联系在一起的。“瓷器”和“中国”在英文里是一一个词。
这说明欧洲人很早就认识到中国是和瓷器联系在一起的。In English, "China" and "china" are the same. This proves that Europeans have known of China by connecting it to porcelain from very early times.
Example 2.天坛位于北京市东城区，原本是明清皇帝祭天的场所。
天坛位于北京市东城区。(这里) 原本是明清皇帝祭天的场所。The Temple of Heaven is located in the Dongcheng District, Beijing. Originally, this was the place where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties held the Heaven worship ceremony.
- 合并技能：将若干短句、简单句整合成一句较长的话进行翻译。技能优势：贴近目标语表达习惯，增加译文质量，使译文更加流畅、优美。
- 将若干简单句通过添加连词合成一一个 并列句进行翻译。
Example：工笔画注重细节，笔法细致。写意画则形式夸张，笔随意走。
Gongbi, meaning "meticulous brushwork", is characterized by close attention to detail and fine brush work whereas Xieyi, or "freehand style", is marked by exaggerated forms and freehand brushwork.
- 将若干短句、简单句整合成一个较长的简单句进行翻译。
Example旧历新年快到了。这是新年中头一件大事。
旧历新年、新年中头一件大事，快到了。The traditional New Year Holiday, the first big event of the year, is fast approaching.
- 根据两句之间的关系，合并成一一个复合句(主句加从句)进行翻译。
Example“和”是中国传统文化的一个重要思想。中国人为人处事强调“和”。
中国人强调“和”，它是中国传统文化的一个重要思想，(尤其是)在为人处事的时候。
Chinese people emphasize "Harmony", which is an important idea in traditional Chinese culture, when dealing with people and things.
- 语序倒置
- 技巧探秘：
- 汉语:“头重脚轻”习惯先进行分析后说结论，习惯先说因后说果。
Example加强生态环境的保护，实现人与自然和谐相处，是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要目标之一。
- 英语:“头轻脚重” ，向后发散式，习惯先说结论后进行分析，先说果后说因。
Example：One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen the protection and construction of ecological environment and to achieve harmony between man and nature.
- 语序倒置:通过重新安排语序，将- -些“头重脚轻”的汉语句子调整成“头轻脚重”的英语句子，贴近英语的表达习惯，使译文更加流畅、自然。
Example 1：改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。
巨大的变化在中国发生，自改革开放以来。Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.
Example 2 在科学实验室里，任何乔装打扮、鱼目混珠的东西都会原形毕露。
任何乔装打扮、鱼目混珠的东西都会原形毕露，(当它们) 在科学实验室里。Any disguised or fake things will show their true feathers when they are put to the test in the laboratory.
- “语序倒置”经常与“拆分合并”-起用，将句型复杂、信息量庞大的中文句子拆分后改变语序，合并成有新的语序的英文句子。
Example昆明是云南省省会，中国首批历史文化名城之一，四季气候宜人，有“春城”的美称。
Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, which boasts a comfortable climate all the year round and an alternative name "Spring City", is one of the first historic and cultural cities in China.
- 俗语/成语
Example (俗语)
- 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆As you sow, so shall you reap.
- 有志者事竟成Where there is a will, there is a way.
Example ( 成语)
- 惺惺相惜Great minds think alike.
- 不劳无获No pains, no gains.
- 不同语言环境中的文化意象转换
Example (俗语)
- 家家有本难念的经。
Each family has a difficult book to read.:(X) - (难言之隐)Each family has its own skeletons in the closet
- 萝卜青菜，各有所爱。One man's meat is another man's poison.
Example ( 成语)
- 大海捞针look for a needle in a haystack
- 雨后春笋spring up like mushrooms
- 班门弄斧to teach fish how to swim
- 害群之马a black sheep
- 若无直接的对应表达，可对应隐藏的比喻意义，用准确的通俗语译出
注意:须保证句法的正确性，可适当放弃字面的规整
Example
- 巧妇难为无米之炊。Even a clever woman cannot cook a meal without rice.
- 千里之行始于足下。A journey of a thousand miles begins from a single step.
- 大学里面藏龙卧虎。Acollege is full of highly talented people.
- 过犹不及，经济的发展不能失控。The economic development should be kept under control, since going too far is as bad as not going far enough.
- 课后练习
- 视角转换
(1) 一个想要成功的人，永远也不能停止努力奋斗。 (反义表达)
If one wants to be successful, he should keep on striving constantly.
(2)演出结束之后，观众给台.上的京剧演员报以雷鸣般的掌声。 (主宾互换)
After the show, the Peking Opera actors received stormy applause from the audience.
(3)历史书上详细记载着这次事件。(主被动转换)
The event is recorded in history books in great detail.
- 拆分/合并
(1)清朝中叶以后，昆曲每况愈下，到新中国成立前夕，已濒临绝境。(拆分)
From the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera was on the decline. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Kunqu Opera was on the verge of extinction.
(2)唐代被称为诗的时代。宋代则被称为词的时代。(合并)
The Tang Dynasty was an era of poetry whereas the Song Dynasty was an era of ci poetry.
- 语序倒置
为建设一-个持久和平与共同繁荣的和谐世界，上海合作组织(SCO) 起到了示范带头作用。
The SCO plays an exemplary and leading role in the efforts to build a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity.
- 俗语/成语
(1)不到长城非好汉(俗语) .:One should be determined to reach one's goal.
(2)时不我与(成语):Time and tide wait for no man.
