十五、对非文学性材料(non-literary material)进行批判性阅读
anthing designed to aruge, to report, or to do both. 好像确实只有这三类？
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
批判性话语分析
A Checklist for analyzing a text：
有教“有”类→不同文章不同关注重点
1.Who is the author?
2.Is the piece aimed at a particular audience? A neutral/ hostile/ already sympathetic to the author's point of view audience?
3.What is the author's thesis? (argument, main point, claim)观点
4.What assumptions does the author make? Do I share them? If not, why not?
（观点背后更加基本的价值观和价值取向）
5.Does the author ever confuse facts with beliefs or opinions?
6.What appeals does the author make? To reason, to the emotions, or to trustworthy（领域权威）?
7.How convincing is the evidence?
(major kinds of evidence include:
intuition 低
personal experience
testimonials
appeals to authorities
personal observations
case examples
research studies
analogies 高)
8.Are significant objections or counter-evidence adequately discussed?
9.How is the text organized, and is the organization effective? Are the title, the opening paragraphs, and the concluding paragraphs effective? In what ways?
10.What is the author's tone? Is it appropriate?
11. To what extent had the author convinced me? Why?
