教学是有秩序、有体系、有计划的理性过程，而学*是个体的、无序的、基于实践的非理性过程。从学*的认知过程：记忆-理解-应用-分析-评价
从“教”到“学”：改变传统课堂师生角色
Professor Mel West started with the question“Why is it now？”课堂的师生角色问题历来就有，为什么今天需要额外的关注？当今世界经济形势、职业市场的需求要求学生掌握学*方法，即
1. ordered
bureaucratic
clear structures
fixed goals/directions
sustined
rational, planned
consistent
2. Bloom's taxonomy
knowledge-remember
comprehension-understand
application-apply
analysis-analyze
synthesis-synthesize/create
evaluation-evaluate
enrollment rate: 1/20 to1/3
5-7 careers in one's life time.
elite education to mass education;
testing p*edures
learning is disordered, individualistic, chaotic, experimental, innovative
peer and group learning
higher expectations mean higher outcomes.
teachers you can laugh with are the best teachers.
how to organize information is more important.
diversity worries teachers.
to tolerate ambiguity
teachers should speak the target language all the time while student migh use their mother tongue.
make rules from the beginning.
random way of identifying and sts enjoy equal chance.
use information gap to motivate group work. everyone involves.
to have differentiated materials for different sts.
Bloom' Taxonomy
The learning matrix （two dimensions）
Forms of Knowledge: factual; conceptual; p*edural; metacognitive (exploring, asking why and how )
Higher-order skills (high-level edu.): differences
Balance of direct instruction and Constructivist approaches
Traditional V.S. Progressive learning
Criteria for good teaching:
why is it now to address the
Under such circumstances, the teachers have to shift their teaching platform from the classroom onto the internet. They have to do the online courses, though some are really forced to do so. This kind of online teaching arouses a lot of troubles for both the teachers and the students.For the teachers, they have to improve themselves in several aspects, such as the techniques for using the computer and the net to make the videos or to do the online class shows for their lovely students, no matter they carefully watch them or not. And as for the students, they should form good habits of self-learning and self-control to do the learning by themselves. Without teachers as the supervisors nearby, their learning processes are usually not so satisfied as they are in the school.
That is the point again, to change the Teacher-centered ways into the student-centered ones. And the students should promote their abilities in a more energetic, ordered, innovative ways. That's what teachers should help the students to do in their daily life. And as the present situation, students are supposed to finish all the online assignments and study the further materials spontaneously and willingly. Both teachers and students know that there is a long way to go before we get a perfect teaching and studying method. But anyway, all teachers can do more to improve themselves and help the students form a better habit in life and learning. School teaching is not only for academic knowlege, but also in daily life.
making the best choice need high level
different forms of knowledge
1. factual knowledge
why the words are better than others in a particular context. how to apply
2. conceptual knowledge
we need a context of a fact, fact has
conceptual understanding of facts
3. procedual knowlege
a certiain context
with a purpose
skilled abilty
individual difference
solid grounding is a must before achieve high level during learning process
balance the lower level and higher level to make sure effecitivity
teaching in progressive model:
guide rather than direct
allow and trust students to make choices
avoid falure is kind of avoid learning
motivation is a key, and teacher should motivate the students in the first place, before the studetns become self-motivated in learning
not all skills can be tested
less testing and more peer learning and more group work
linking learing inside and outside the classroom
we need studnets t0 keep high expectations thourhgout the course
