.Environment cannot be considered as outside the person, as a circumstance  of development as an aggregate of object  conditions e*sting without reference to the person and affectiong him by the very fact of their e*stence.

virtually anything one learns, according to the soc*ultural view, comes deeply embedded in a cultural context, involves culture.ihnformed and laden tools, and figures  as part of a range of highly social activity systems, however alone the learner may be at particular moments

Language as a tool for thought , means of mediation, in mental activity.

Learning is a socially mediated p*ess.

How does learning happen?

regulation: 

object regulation

other regulation

self regulation

教学启示

1. 拒绝简单的因果关系和“刺激-反应”的关系 （美国心理学家斯金纳刺激—反应说，基于这一理念的教学，反复机械的操练（drillings））。

SCT反对这一理论，强调大脑认知发展的”emergent nature“，即在活动过程中，大脑认知逐步形成。同时，还是强调环境对认知发展的影响，学习者在学习过程，通过活动互动，对知识形成新的理解。

2. 交际的”输入-输出“的隐喻，把信息从一个人的大脑转移到另外一个人脑中。

SCT 反对这一观点，这一观点否定了学习者的积极主动的角色，及其在学习理解过程中，可以做出的选择。

3.  很多教师认为，我呈现什么样的信息，学生就应该怎么样的去学习。忽略了 社会、情感、动机的因素，可能会影响学习者如何来看待有意义输入。例如，同样的人生道理，有学生赞同、有学生不理解，有学生反对，都是深受其自身的社会文化观念的影响。

社会文化对人的影响

lecture 2 Mediation and Mediated learning

1.ancestor

   direct 

   culture

2. environment --- source 

body-brain -person -society-transform

3. higher functions 

inter-psychological 

intra-psychological 

attention- memory-concept -perception-thinking

eg. 朱 墨 

      性 习

      孟母

中小学英语

ZPD

Subjective ZPD and Objective ZPD

Imitation

教学活动就是帮助学生掌握外在的符号形式，成为内在plane

how the child came to be what he is.

27分处重要

孩子发展： social plane to thepsychological plane。 学* 需要经过interpsychological category ，， introasychological category

genetic transitions

19:02  19:50访谈记录

社会文化理论 

活动理论解释小组合作

合作学*理论

mediatiion中介

需求  -学*目标不同--投入不同--如何调节趋同

教师教育者英语具有什么素质

学*是怎么发生的：学*是在探究的互动中发生的。

中介理论：PPT图示

集体层面的中介层次：个人层阶、社会层阶

核心概念的理解较为困难

scholar group: common community of cooperation

research questions: the goals of writing

academic goal

chronologically

the results of the goal is very interesting, as Asian students, most of them hoped to get the adimition from their parents. 

and the community approach incresed 

学生总是想办法了解老师的期望值

活动理论能把我们平时忽略的司空见惯的因素分析出来。

学*写作的过程是一个内在过程和外在因素交互的互动的产品。

互动理论在数据分析上的强大。

袋:周围世界的联系.:中介。

文化工具.有社会和心理功能一

文化工具的*得是在实践 互动中实现的

教师的教学态度：we learn together.我和大家一起学*。

进入课堂之前，老师把本节课的背景和核心资料给学生，负责的学生主讲，然后其他人参与讨论，最后教师点评。

第一章：

人类思想的起源

经历的影响：

genernations

人类的高阶发展：

social plane

intra-psychological

i mediation 中介

文化工具如何掌握

实践中与已掌握文化工具的互动

皮亚杰观点，独立个体

sct角度强调孩子与环境互动，*得知识。

符号工具，活动，人，教材都是中介体*得知识

隐性（讲话，思维，隐性中间体），显性中介

特点：有意识，有目的

予以社会文化理论

微观视角看发展（cole, 1998)

认知发展，在互动中学会。

个体是能动者，个体积极应对环境。

拒绝简单因果关系、刺激回应机械操练，

从活动中形成，强调在环境对认知发展的影响。

研究方法吸取社会科学和自然科学

sct and ll2

影响：private speech and self-regulation in l2

activity theory and task-based learning

activity theory and group interaction

scaffolding and l2 learning

B. guillette (1994)the role of learner golas in l2 success (质性，观察学*目标，影响学*

无效和有效学*者。

lantolf 

zpd （支架比喻）

语言（二语*得）句法，

Environment is not a factor in development, but it is the source of development. 

看维果斯基大哥批判的输入输出比喻真是太痛快了，不是大量沉浸在目的语言环境中就能*得，这根学*者的LEARNING HISTORY 和学*动机，能动性都有关系。

mediation

subject(me)-mediating artifacts(literature)-object  socialcultural aspects of language learning--outcome

mediation

mediation as a form of object- and other regulation is a means of penetrating the circle of understanding by furnishing the learner not with ready- made understanding but with alternative pre-understandings that facilitate rather than obstruct engaement with a task.

dialectics of fromation of consciousness :dialogue

Environment & Vyostsky's relational worldview

Envirionment is not a factor in development, but it is the source of development.

Envrionment cannot be considered as outside the person, as a circumstance of development as an aggre

Vygotsky on Language : speaking

at first a means of contact between the child and the surrounding people

child begins to speak to self-- transformation og a collective form of behavior into the practice of personal behavior

speaking is a means for understanding and influncing others and slef.

language is the tooles of tooles(p.134

It is the medium in which culture e*sts and through which it is transmitted

Language : culture artifact shaped by those who use it

Used, as with all human artifacts, with purpose

organize social

自己在家写作文也是社会性的活动。