Semantic blocking effect
Process of lexical selection (parallel access and competition)
conceptualisation is easier than lexicalisation
Problems with the RHM
concrete words translated more quickly than abstract words in both directions and at all levels of proficiency. (De Groot & Poot, 1997)
Semantic translation interference effects obtained even at low proficiency (Altarriba & Mathis, 1997; Sunderman & Kroll, 2006)
Method of training L2.
The effects of covert translation are detectable even at high proficiency (Thierry & Wu, 2007).