翻译中的“对等”
Jakobson(1959)
(1)语内翻译( intralingual translation),指的是
在同一种语言之内以属于同一语言的某种语言符号
去解释另一种语言符号;
(2)语际翻译( interlingual translation),是指在
两种语言之间以某一种语言符号去解释另一种语言
符号;
(3)符际翻译( intersemiotic translation),则是指
以一些非语言符号去解释语言符号,或相反地采用
些语言符号去解释非语言符号。

一讲到对等就是 奈达提出的不是正确的。很多学者都讨论  对奈达了解的多。

韩礼德认为,就元功能而言,最重要的是经验功
能对等
Halliday(2001): As a general rule, translation equivalence"is defined in ideational terms; if a text does not match its source text ideationally, it does not qualify as a translation, so the question whether it is a good translation does not arise a For precisely this reason one of the commonest criticisms made of translated texts is that while the are equivalent ideationally, they are not equivalent in respects of the other metafunctions-interpersonally or textually or both.

小句复合体：小句和小句结合在一起就变成小句复合体。