1. 交流目的不明（观点、事实）
议论为主，主观色彩浓厚。
Opinions, not facts!
To argue, not to inform!
2.Main points 不明确，逻辑松散
3.信息不具体，不准确，无关联
4. 结构不完整，不规范，
Introduction/body/conclusion
5.语气不客观
范例，反例，范例
1. TO INFORM ,NOT TO ARGUE
2. Objectiveness
3.Accuracy, relevancy, clarity
4.Logic(unity&coherence)
thesis statement提出自己的观点：Introduing the claims the writer is going to expand later.
linking word
Evidence1: For each claim you make, you need to provide supporting evidence.
in a nutshell:conclusion
Finding a breakthrough
Content/Ideas:thesis statements；evidence;reasoning
Language&Development:grammar;vocabulary;transition
Logic Fallacies:
1.Hasty generalization
2.False cause
3.Black or white
4.Bandwagon fallacy
5.Appeal to authority
Getting free from templates
Crafting a good argument
To sum up:
Clear and strong thesis
Natural transition
Compact structure
Logical reasoning
Correct grammar and spelling
Distinct personality
Internet: a blessing showing people a wider world
Living in the period of the Third Technology Revolution,Internet is introduced to an escalating number of families.In the meantime,Internet keeps updating ,innovating and combining with other advanced technologies.However,during this process,some people argues that Internet is presenting very limited information to people based on several reasons.However,when exploring how Internet changes our ways to getting information from outside,it is firmly proved that Internet is a blessing showing people a wider world.Information on the Internet renders three features.
The first feature is the prosperity of we-media.Before the Internet era,most people get information from newspaper or relevant books.Even in the early stage of Internet,news are only available on some websites.Thanks to the development of we-media platform like microblog,everyone is entitled to receive an unprecedented range of information,thus confronted with a wider world.
The second feature is the atmosphere open for discussion.While reading the cold words printed on the paper,one is isolated in a separated room.There is no place for him to express his ideas or disagreements,and people that can discuss the topic with him are also limited.As a saying goes,"wisdom lies in conversation".Without the collision of thinking,one is unlikely to understand a certain thing comprehensively.
The third feature is bidirection.With the increasingly progressed big data,Internet can recommend information that citizens may be interested based on their footprints left before.As mentioned above,Internet provides us with access to countless information,then it is of vital significance to choose which to concern about.In other words,the bidirection of Internet enables us to attach to a large world in a limited time.
Contradictions are also hidden behind the three features.People on the opposite side blame Internet for its bidirection,claiming that it only offers information suitable to the users,thus trapping them away from the vast world.What's more,because of the design of some we-media apps like wechat or QQ,they argue that the information is only available from friend-circles or the subscriptions,resulting in the lack of more unknown objects.
However,I don't think these drawbacks are due to Internet.Not once does Internet restrict the information for citizens.Rather,users themselves are to blame if they complain that they are enclosed and imprisoned.Faced with the information Internet shows,citizens have the right to trust or doubt,and tens of thousands of related articles and books are there to consult as well.As for information not included in the users' apps,citizens are free to visit any news websites or larger we-media platforms.If Internet is forbidden in consequence of the reasons above,it won't be conducive at all.On the contrary,the information will become less and limited.
To put it in a nutshell,because of the prosperity of we-media,the atmosphere open for discussion and bidirection,Internet performs as a blessing showing people a wider world.As for the contradictors' arguments,there is no reason to accuse Internet of the flaws.The methods to overcome them depend on the users.In conclusion,Internet is a blessing,but whether it can be a blessing for everyone,it's up to us,the users.
The three graphs above illustrate a myriad of main spare-time activities of students at a Chinese university together with further details about the video-watching activity concerning about time and programs.More elaborations are as follows.
According to graph 1,among the various activities during spare time,the first pick of campus students is watching videos,with a percentage of 45.7%,approximately half of the students spending their free time on.In comparison,other activities such as reading in the library,shopping and playing sports have less attraction towards students as many as watching videos,whose proportions are 22.1%,15.6% and 12.3% respectively.
Graph 2 clearly illuminate the video-watching times during weekdays and weekends.From the graph,the time when having dinner and after dinner is the best period for watching video both on weekdays and weekends. There are 25% students watching videos while having dinner and the number rises to 40% on weekends as well as 50% on weekdays after dinner.In addition,as breakfast and lunch break become less tight on weekends,the rates of these two periods show a little increase to over 10% at breakfast and 20% at noon.In the midnight after 12 a.m.,almost none of the students still keep watching.
Based on graph 3, it can be concluded that the preference of students varies a lot,while movies are the students' most preferred video programs,which is nearly 30% of students' choice.Apart from this,around 25% will devote their time to watching entertainment shows or TV series.Other programs like animations,music videos,news and documentaries are also loved by several students ranging from 12% to 7%,and only about 3% students turn to the sports channel.
In conclusion,students have plenty of activities on their spare time and the most popular is watching videos. Furthermore, students distribute their time to watching videos differently,with the highest possibility during dinner and after dinner.Lastly,the preference of programs separates from each other,with movies as the most choice and sports the least.
hasty bandwagon
检查主语一致！ 语法 拼写。更充分利用词汇
traditional words！！
2018年议论文题目
初赛
self-service store: beneficial or inconvenient
audio-reading; breaking time/space limits or fast-food reading
peer-pressure: positive or negative
lobster saving: noble or useless
Buddha-like youth(fo xi qing nian: a calm and easyggoing mindset or avoidance of pressure and motivation
复赛
social media deprive people of rational decision making
books read by American and Chinese students
决赛
scientific experiments: does the end justify the means? 科学实验的伦理道德
2018复赛2
Write an essay in response to the passage below. You should discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the passage and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the aithor's opinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should write about 500 words.
Either true of false, a piece of information on the internet or social media may be circulated thousands of times in a few minutes, hitting the public with a s0-called "infostorm". Instead of checking the validity of the information, most eople believe that others poesses more knowledge about a situation than they do and kust click the "resend" button. Although the social media provide easy access to an abundance of information, they do not equip us to make rational decisions.
As the author of Crowd: A study of the popular mind observed, irrational group behavior has always existed and as social beings we tend to be influenced by other people's opinions and actions. But modern technology has dramatically changed the speed and scale of this social behavior. Because we can see how many people have liked or resented a story or piece of information, social media greatly reduces reflecion time and harms our ability to think critically and to act rationally.
The following graphs show various types of spare-time activities of students at a Chinese university and further details about their video-watching activity. Write a passage based on the graphs. In your writing, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should wrtie at least 300 words but no more than 500 words.
Write an essay in response to the passage below. You should state clearly whether you agree or disagree with the passage and explain your reasons for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the author's opinion might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. You should wrtie about 500 words.
If you still think of the Internet as a means of opening up a vast world of information to people, you may be completely wrong. Playing a positive role in its early days, the internet is now enclosing people in a walled room.
Have you noticed that when different people google the same thing, for example," Chinese culture" or "America" they get different search results? Websites selectively guess which information is appropriate to a user based on his/ her location, past-click behavior and search history, and tailor information and recommendations accordingly. The more one uses the Internet, the more likely one is kept away from different opinions, and trapped in one's own cultural and ideological bubble. The situation worsens when Internet-boosted social networks creep into every corner of lives. Although there seems to be a large amount of information updated almost every second, the information is only availabel from people's friend-circles or the subscriptions they choose. Beyong these circles and choices, people do not really have access to the unknown. They become imprisoned in a confined world.
人称指称；指示zhi'cheng
content
thesis statement:
evidence
reasoning
language
sum-up
忌模版
Parenthesis——插入语（修辞手段）
应用文类型
狭义
私人求职文书（Letter Writing of Application）
文秘写作（Secretarial Writing）
外贸业务文书（Foreign Trade Correspondence）
广义
演讲（Speech/Presentation）
读书报告（Book Report）
文献综述（Literature Review）
活动介绍（Program Description）
正式语体中不用口语化的词汇
非正式语体的词汇较短
动词词组通常用于非正式语体，正式语体中多用一个单独的动词替代
正式语体中不用缩写形式，首字母缩略词可以使用（如UN，WHO)
让步状语从句-ever比no matter how/who/when/what的形式正式
倒装句比不倒装句正式
介词提前比介词不提前的句子正式
Lack of originality and creativity.
A thesis statement is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper(most often,at the end of the first paragraph)that presents your argument to the reader.
From my perspective.
On my level,I favor the latter view over the former one, that is, we young adolescents should open access to our Wechat Moments to our parents, just the way we treat our peer friends.
To illustrate this,no one can look further than me.Over the period of my primary school years,I spent every Sunday learning and practicing Chinese calligraphy as well as appreciating Chinese poems.
evidently,hence,in conclusion,likewise,similarly,in the same manner,whereas,nevertheless,instead,conversely,by the same token,apart from,on top of that.
What the three graphs intends to convey is various types of spare-time activities of students at a Chinese university and their video-watching times during weekdays and at weekends as well as their most prefered video programs. Geneally speaking, students spend most of their time watching videos.
As can be vividly seen in graph 1, during their spare time, 46.7% of college students in a Chinese university watch videos. By contrast, a few students play sports, accounting for 12.3%. In terms of other types of students' spare-time activities, 22.1% of respondents read in the library, while 15.6% shop.
Furtermore, the graph 2 depicts a fluctuated trend towards the video-watching times during weekdays and at weekends. At breakfast, there are around 10% of respondents watch video at weekdays and less than 10% during weekdays. In addition, video- watching times at breakfast and after dinner and before bed seem to be on the increase and drop from after dinner and before bed to after 12 a.m. accordingly both during weekdays and at weekends. From this graph, the most striking is the stage after dinner and bed, both reaching the peak, that is, video-watching times during weekdays are 50%, 10% higher than those at weekdays. The reasons may be ascribed to their enough leisurely time. After an exhausted day work off, it is a natural and comfortable thing to have a rest.
Lastly, the graph 3 clearly presents most preferred video programs. Movies rank the top, with the percentage of about 28%. Besides, sports account for less than 5% on the grounds that sports invariably cater to the minority of audience's taste. In contrast to sports, movies are the ones that can pique students' interest most,as movies, enjoying wide arrange of themes, are the top priority of choice between couples and friends. More importantly, movies have another edge - the duration does not usually exceed three hours, during which it ia able to demonstrate the essence of a story
一般不用动词词组做题目
主要为问题：
内容：
主题句：清楚简洁
举例 （避免空洞）：事实，数据，自己的故事，引用名人名言
逻辑性：（避免以偏概全，非黑即白）因果逻辑一致，注意的全面性
说明文的基础知识
文体：provide imformation
定义、描写、how to、对比、因果关系（原因及结果）
基本结构：
开头：
即使是背景句，也要具体！！！一定要具体！！
逻辑谬误：
以偏概全：论据不足而匆忙下结论（同统计学，样本数目要多，特殊例子不可代表通常规律）
虚假原因：两件事只是看似有关联但实际无关联
非黑即白：极端片面，忽略事物的多面性
从众谬误：很多人做并不代表这件事正确（雅思阅读惯用）
述诸权威：老师、家长等认为的并一定是正确的
上机写作注意拼写！！！
设问句，举例（正例&反例），排比句
连接词的使用：
evidentky, hence, in conclusion, likewise, similarly, in the same manner, whereas, nevertheless, instead, conversely, by the same token, apart from, on top of that (besides), indeed, accordingly, in other words，means that, to sum up
