how to organize the body of speech
3分钟定题演讲
？plausible 言之有理
basic knowledge
main points: major ideas or arguments
2 functions: to convince audience, to explain viewpoint
organization 组织
a process of providing a clear, and reasonable way of thinking to the audience
an integration of your ideas and supporting materials
formulate the body of your speech before you plan the beginning and ending of your speech.
once you have some ideas fragments, you need to find the internal relations between them and look for a presentation pattern for your major views. (提炼2-4个观点）
match your main points with appropriate supporting materials.
use connectives and transitions to make your speech fluent.
外研社杯演讲类型：告知式演讲+说服型演讲
1. 让听众”理解“一个告知式演讲的论题
2. 让听众”认同“一个说服型演讲的观点
organize the main points in a logical way
narrative pattern 叙事性结构模式
整个演讲由一个或者多个故事来传递观点
力求故事付诸于情感
让听众在具体的描述中接受你的结论
例子： --基于观察的细节描述；同伴意见；基于思考的解释
topical pattern 主题型结构模式
适合于讨论某一个概念的不同层面
条论可以从小到大，从简单到复杂，等等
主题型模式适用范围最广
refutative pattern 反驳模式
通过否定一个”成见“来支持自己的观点
当目标听众持有这种”成见“时，反驳模式特别有效
让听众认识到既有观点的缺陷，从而接受并支持你的立场和观点
例 定义--专家证言--可类比事例
problem/(cause)/solution pattern 问题--（原因）--解决模式
指明一个人们容易忽略的问题
谈论问题的危害，强调它与听众的关联
提出一个行动诉求或行之有效的解决方案
例： 假设（生活是一部小说）--基于思考的描述--举例
four types of connectives
transitions
complementary:
causal:
contrasting:
chronological:
internal previews
a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
internal summaries
a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points.
signposts
a very brief statement that indicats where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.
强调数列顺序
引导听众关注关键信息
预示进一步解释
凸显重要观点或表示演讲即将接近尾声
