外研社新四级笔试10天过级全规划

外研社新四级笔试10天过级全规划
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听新闻三遍后,再边听边做笔记,然后再复述出来新闻的内容。

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  1. 学习回顾:

语言图式:1.语音要辨别2.词汇需分类3.句子找中心

形式图式:4.倒叙看开头5.顺序听结尾

内容图式:6.背景常积累

 

 

  1.  

句型分析

修饰成分+主+谓+宾(主系表):Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan Capital which killed more than 70 people.

 

主+谓+宾从(主+谓+状)+转折关系成分:Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check.

  1. 形式图式

倒叙看开头:导语(最重要)——次重要——最次要

顺序听结尾:开端——过程——结果

  1. 内空图式:背景常积累

 

the Somali group al-Shabab索马里组织青年党

Nairobi, Kenya肯尼亚的首都,内罗比

Kampala ,Uganda乌干达的首都,坎帕拉

Explosion n.爆炸

blast n./v.爆炸

set sth. off 使爆炸

eyewitness目击者

security check安检

smash n./v.破碎

rebel n./v./a.反叛

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    1.  

文本特点

  1. 新闻主旨:俄罗斯体育界兴奋剂丑闻
  2. 篇章难度:中等难度
  3. 篇章结构:倒金字塔结构
  4. 主旨大意——分析兴奋剂事件发生的原因——解决问题不是一朝一夕
    1.  

用词特点

  1. 一般词汇
  • General words:anti-doping, widespread cheating, stand down, mentality problem
  • Proper names:Russia's Anti-doping Laboratory, World Anti-doping Agency (WADA),Russia's Athletics Federation, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
  1. 特有表达:
  • ……take all negativity away with him.
  • ……it was what he called a mentality problem at coaching level.
    1.  

做题启示

  1. 报道事件:俄罗斯兴奋剂丑闻
  2. 原分析事件:教练层面的心态问题
  3. 给出解决方案:解决问题任重而道远
  1. 学习回顾:
  1. 文体类新闻的分类
  2. 文体类新闻的报道规律
  3. 文体类新闻相关的词汇、表达
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  1. 热点的时政类新闻的三大类: 选举类;恐怖袭击类;国际关系类
  2. 时政新闻的结构特点:Who/what/when/why/where
  3. 考查的三大方面:结构分析;词汇特色;
  4. 词汇特点: 使用“组合词’US-born;使用“隐喻词”in a hail of gunfire;借用建筑物名White House;使用小词end

文化背景知识: “鹰派”和“鸽派”;“大棒加胡萝卜”政策;美国白宫里的

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  1. 学习回顾:
  1. 听清新闻导语,抓住主要信息
  2. 根据题干进行预判,快速锁定信息
  3. 数字部分注意读法,多加练习快速反应
  4. 经济动态多了解,新闻词汇多关注
  1. 对每项措施的考查:What are the latest efforts to lift the economy?
  2. 对每项措施原因的考查:Why will banks lend more money to businesses and consumers?
  3. 对当前经济形势进行推断:What is the possible move in the future?

 

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  • 教育、医疗类新闻的分类
  • 教育、医疗类新闻的报道规律
  • 教育、医疗类新闻相关的词汇、表达

教育类: 

    1.  

经典题型:

概括新闻大意cg. What is thc ncws mainly about?

捕捉新闻细节eg. What disease will spread further in the coming months?

归纳新闻内容eg. According to the WHO spokesman, what is essential for all countries in combating the influenza?

  1.  

词汇讲解

一般词汇:

 

case病例

condition病

infection感染

epidemic流行病

complication并发症

an explosion of diseases疾病的爆发

contagious disease / infectious disease传染类疾病

tumor肿瘤

parasite寄生虫

swine flu猪流感

respiratory illness呼吸系统疾病

dementia /Alzheimer's disease 痴呆症/老年痴呆症

heart attack心脏病发作

hypertension高血压

leukemia白血病

stroke中风

cancer癌症

diarrhea腹泻

malaria疟疾

diabetes糖尿病

cholera霍乱

measles麻疹

pneumonia肺炎

tuberculosis肺结核

HIV/AIDS艾滋病病毒/艾滋病

 

    1.  

该怎么治疗

 

panacea/elixir灵丹妙药、万能药

antiviral medicine抗病毒药物

chemotherapy化疗

antibiotics抗生素

immunize使免疫

vaccine疫苗

hygiene卫生

treatment治疗

clinical trial临床试验

aid agency援助机构

essential drug基本药物

sanitary condions卫生条件

comprehensive care综合护理

pharmaceutical company制药公司

 

    1.  

专有名词

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)联合国儿童基金会

World Health Organization (WHO)世界卫生组织

Food and Drug Administration (美) 食品药物管理局

Medicaid (美) ( 由各级政府向穷人和伤残者提供的)医疗补助计划

Center for Disease Control疾病控制中心

Health Care Reform医疗改革

Emergency Medical Service急救医疗服务

    1.  

特有表达

 

  • address conditions
  • put sb. at risk
  • spread like wildfire
  • the surge of
  • a consistent association between A and B
  • identify a potential treatment for
  • be particularly vulnerable
  • the worldwide spread of
  • be unstoppable
  • be the worst affected country in the world
  • The disease could now settle and become a local disease.
  • There are no reports of unwanted side effects.
  • make breakthrough discoveries

 医疗类

    1.  

文本特点:

  • 新闻主旨:加工肉类与患癌的关系
  • 篇章难度:中等难度
  • 篇章结构:倒金字塔结构、总分关系
    1. 词汇特点

使用常用词语:表示特殊意义Dr. Kurt is with the IARC.

使用缩略语:WHO/ IARC

特色用词:

  • General words: processed meat, cancer, curing, salting, smoking, drying or canning, bowel cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, red meat, tobacco
  • Proper names: World Health Organization (WHO)  &   International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
    1.  

特有表达:

  • be carcinogenic to humans
  • increase his or her risk of bowel cancer by 18 percent
    1. 做题启示
  • 结构:倒金字塔
  • 词汇:多积累疾病、保健类英语词汇
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  1.  了解短篇新闻特点:如,盲人摸象
  2. 小新短篇新闻简术:
    1. 长度:3篇,共450-500词,语速120-140词/分钟
    2. 主题:时政、经济、医疗、教育、突发事件、文化、经济、体育、科技
    3. 内容:围绕主题展开;无涉及过深的专业知识;无政治问题((eg.涉藏、涉台、涉疆、宗教民族、人权问题...);无负面影响的内容(eg.腐败、犯罪等社会问题...)
    4. 特征:时效性(考试时间往前的半年左右)——简明性(信息简短,高效,结构了解)
    5. 分类:纯新闻报道;报道评论
  3. 小新短篇新闻的结构
    1. 结构的重要性:
    2. 新闻最常见结构-倒金字塔结构The“Inverted Pyramid”Structure:Most Newsworthy Info新闻导语(最重要的信息;报道开头的第一-段文字;概括新闻王要情节)。新闻主体Important Details 、Other General Info Background Info(次重要的信息;导语的补充和展开)
    3. 新闻的其他结构:顺时叙述结构;强光显要叙述结构
  4. 新闻六要素
    1. 5W1H:Who何人、When何时、Where何地、What何事、Why为何、How如何
      1. 导语:
          1. 主体:

  

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科技新闻都要听什么?中心思想和重要细节

科技新闻结构:倒金字塔和5W+1H

科技新闻词汇:智能生活、航天科技、网维安全,

科技词汇记忆方法:词根记忆法、联想(分类)记忆法

循序渐进,由慢到快-----国内外科技新闻的关注

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  •  

热点的时政类新闻的三大类: 选举类;恐怖袭击类;国际关系类

时政新闻的结构特点:Who/what/when/why/where

考查的三大方面:结构分析;词汇特色;

词汇特点: 使用“组合词’US-born;使用“隐喻词”in a hail of gunfire;借用建筑物名White House;使用小词end

文化背景知识: “鹰派”和“鸽派”;“大棒加胡萝卜”政策;美国白宫里的“椭圆形办公室”

更多文化背景知识:

南北对话North-South dialogue

南南合作South- South cooperation

马太效应the Matthew effect

帽子戏法hat trick

门罗主义Monroe Doctrine

冷战思维Cold War mentality

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新闻突发事件包括以下几种:

(1)自然灾害:表达方式是灾难发生了-后果很严重-我该怎么办

(2)事故:表达方式是事故本身问题-事故原因-事故应对-事故后果

(3)犯罪案件:表达方式案件描述-警方或检方行为

例题里考点,概括新闻大意——导语;捕捉新闻细节;归纳新闻内容等。

5.Which part of India did the earthquake hit?大意概括与细节的捕捉

A) Near its border with Myanmar and Bangladesh.

B) About 29 km northwest of the capital of India.

C) Right in the center of the capital of Manipur state.

D) 6.7 km southwest of India's border with Bangladesh.

6. When is the USGS likely to issue yellow alert?新闻细节的捕捉,原文的捕捉

A) When it's likely to cause injuries.

B) When it's around 35 percent likelihood of between one and ten deaths.

C) When it's around 65 percent likelihood of deaths.

D) When it's likely to cause death.

7. What is true about the news?选项事伯的描述,新闻事件的归纳和总结。新闻事件的理解。

A) Countries in this region do not cooperate well in the relief efforts.

B) The earthquake is more serious than the original measuring.

C) The region is prone to earthquakes.

D) Destructive earthquakes occurred in Kashmir and Nepal in the same year.

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复述引言

 有主语

  主语+插入成分+谓语部分

   as the remark/proverb/saying/quotation has it

 无主语

  插入成分+谓语部分

  As the quotation has it:''...''

表义 抓住关键词,转述原意

 In other words,...

 To put it another way,...

深义

  Simple as the remark may sound,it conveys a thought-provoking notion/message that the importance can never be denied.深义(主题)

正文段

 论点一First,...

 论据一

 论点二Second,...

 论据二

 论点三Third,...

 keep up with the times与时俱进

advance with the times与时俱进

lifelong learning终身的学习

stay the same一成不变

the ever-changing world变化的世界 

keep abreast of与...并驾齐驱

throughout life贯穿一生

seek寻求

commit oneself to sth./doing sth.致力于某事

However,we can never deny the fact..(让步)

In summary,...(总结全文)

Therefore,重申开头段主题/列举未来做法(个人,政府,社会...)

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描图

a.对话

As is described in the picture,A tells/aks B that...

Instead of a direct answer,B responds that...

b.独白

As is described in the picture+描述情境

She thinks/says/asks that...(间接引语)

       is asked that...  whether

c.无对话/独白

转述背景+自己描述

揭示主题

Actually,recent years have witnessed an increasing trend of/discussion on...在题目中寻找

理由1:First/First of all/To begin with...

理由2:Second/Moreover/In addition...

For example,...,is a case in point.

结尾段

让步/总结

However,we can never deny the fact...

In summary,...

重申主题/未来做法(个人政府she'h)

Therefore,...

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150-180 写至答题卡背面

3min 审题:读懂题目 确定主题

3min 构建大纲:

21min 主题写作:

3min  复读检查:语法 拼写

短语代替单词 短剧扩成长句

紧扣主题 字迹放大  清晰工整 格式一致

主题切题 表达清楚 语言连贯

避免逻辑错误

文体:应用文 图表文 议论文漫画,解释

研读历年真题例文 背诵,仿写重点话题例文(科技的两面性 节能与环保 积极价值观正能量)

 

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翻译原则:信达雅

范围:140-160字 内容涉及中国文化 历史及社会

五大主题:传统工艺 历史名城 名族特色 时事新闻 社会热点

  打基础 挖技能 拆套路 

考前突击提高词汇量 

学习句子结构 

掌握翻译技能 应试技巧

练习实践

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四级阅读特点:占比大,分值高 考查内容丰富

选词填空 段落匹配 单项选择

词汇理解:1 十个空 2 选词填空 3每个单词使用一次  200-250 15选10 首句不设空 10min 词汇 语法 常用搭配 积累四级词汇 积累常用搭配 掌握词性

长篇阅读:1000 十个句子 每句一题 段落匹配 15min 略读 查读 加强略读技巧训练 积累词汇 提高同义词转换灵敏度

长篇阅读: 两篇文章 每章五题 主旨大意题 细节理解题 语义推断题 观点态度题 推理判断题  加强长难句解析 猜测词义

篇章题材:政治经济 社会文化 风俗习惯 历史地理 科学技术等

来源:《新科学家》 《新闻周刊》《纽约时报》《泰晤士报》《华盛顿邮报》《经济学人》《今日美国》

专注略读查读技巧 注意文章大意及细节理解

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  1. 懂语言  
  2. 词汇
  3.  
  4.  
  5. eyewitness目击者
  6. 看新闻农产品
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如何读图

 标题

 横纵坐标+图例

 变化趋势/具体数据

开头段

 描图

   柱状图曲线图

   整体概括

    As can be clearly seen from the bar/line chart,...

    the+比较级+x轴,the+比较级+Y轴

    Y轴increases/decreases along with X 轴

    当X轴为年份时

    the number of sth. experienced some changes over the past several years.

   From X1 to X2,the amount/number/proportion of sth. increased/decreased(rapidly/slowly/gradually)from Y1 to Y2.

   饼状图

 揭示主题

  Therefore/Thus,作文标题/图表标题

正文SEE结构

 From my point of view,there are several reasons for this phenomenon.

 First and foremost,

 Moreover,

 For example,

结尾

 总结重申This phenomenon tells us that...

 与手段最后一句不要重复,作文题目和图表标题各用一次

 未来做法Therefore,...should...to...为了...我们应该...

 

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词句问题诊断

遣词原则

 基础词汇——高级词汇

  important——key/significant/vital/essential

  get——gain/acquire/obtain/accumulate

 宽泛词汇——具体词汇

  迷人之美attractive/charming/gorgeous

  可爱之美cute/lovely

  典雅之美elegant

  教授professor

  年纪轻讲课的老师lecturer

  指导做实验的老师instructor

  家教tutor

  辅导员advisor

  小学生pupil

  大学生college student

   大一生freshman

   大二生sophomore

   大三生junior

   大四生senior

  内科医生physican

  外科医生surgeon

  牙医dentist

  psychologist

 单词——短语

  consider

   take...into consideration

   take...into accont

   in consideration of

  use

   take...advantage of

   make use of

  many

   a wide variety of

   a great number of

   plenty of

   a large amount of

Tip:It's---It is

造句方法点津

  句型套用法

  五大高分句型

   最牛主系表It is+adj.+for...to do...用于表示特征特点

   强调句:It is/was...that...用于强调要点或总结

Tips:强调的部分通常为主语宾语状语,不能强调谓语

   倒装句:Only by...can...总结段落重申观点

   双重否定句

   高级修辞句

   A is to B what C is to D. C阐明事物间关系

  短句扩充法

   局部扩充---增加定语/定语从句--增加同位语

                     名词前后                  专有名词

   整体扩充---增加状语/状语从句--SEE结构

                     时间地点目的            because...

 for example...

  简单句整合法

   提取公共元素

   使用连词/fu'za'ju

 

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书信格式指导

1.日期

A.右上角

B. 月 日,年

月缩写,日序数词,日月与年之间用逗号隔开

日期可以不写,除非题目有要求

缩写特例:May-May  September-Sept.

序数词特例:1st/21st/31st

                    2nd/22nd

                    3rd/23rd

2.称呼

A.日期下一行左起顶格

B.Dear...,

正式 

  Dear Sir or Madam,
  To whom it may concern,   

  Dear HR Manager,  

  Dear Mr.Black/White/Green/Brown,

非正式

  Dear+名,

3.落款

A.正文下方一行出,中间偏右

B.结束语:首字母大写,末尾加逗号

   姓名

   正式 Sincerely yours,+人名

   非正式Yours,+人名

开头段

  寒暄/自我介绍+书信目的

   寒暄Sample

    How are things going with you?

    Is everything going well?

    I am glad to hear from you again.

   自我介绍Sample

     I am Li Ming,a senior of Peking University,majoring in Chinese.

注意:大学名字要宽泛,如以省为名字的学校

  书信目的Sample

   I am writing to...

   My purpose is to...

中间段

 总分结构:引出句+具体细节

  引出句

  Several problems/suggestions/questions/reasons/requirements are listed as follows.

  具体细节

  First,...Second,...Moreover,...In addition,...After that,...Last but not least,...

结尾段

  加强书信目的+期待对方回信

   加强书信目的Sample

    Thank you again for...

    Congratulations again on...

    I apologize again...

    I hope my advice could help...

    I hope you could accept our invitation...

   期待对方回信Sample

    I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

注意:How to Protect the Environment

        实词首字母大写

固定名词短语

American Literature Class

the Student Union

常用遣词造句

prepared speech准备好的yan'jiang

deliver one's speech发表演讲

be supposed to/ought to

at one's earliest convenience在某人方便的时候,尽早...

 

 

 

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