七、An Introduction to Argument

Don't raise your voice, improve your argument.

-Desmond Tutu

deductive 演绎

inductive 归纳

argument→burden of proof 论证的“观点”是啥

1.claim: fact(ture or false)/

opinion(right or wrong)

2.premises:evidence(direct or indirect)/

reasoning(inductive or deductive)

What makes a non-argument?

1.emotional discourse 情绪型争吵

2.fictions

(Even though good fiction has a good internal logic, there is usually no proof involved.

The work of fiction, as a whole, can be thought of as a large conditional statement.

If {we assume characters, plot...} then  {such statements logically follow}.  ) 

3.conditional statements 条件句

4.explanations 解释（对方已经认同此事实，解释它是如何发展至此的）

argument 辩论（对方不清楚此事实的真假，所以要用论证来说服对方）

区别  explanation 是指对方已经相信这件事情 你要解释

argument是指对方不知道真的假的 你要用道理事实去论证

don't raise your voice, improve your argument

proposition 

deductive  inductive

emotional discourse 

安娜卡列尼娜    大卫科波菲尔

任务七：论证综述

What makes an argument?

A discussion in which reasons are put forward in surpport of and against a proposition

1.争论的话题对还是不对，为什么？

2.无偿的？

3.高中生适合么？

1.be careful the word best

2.It will increase the drivers burden and it's not reality for comsumers to not use cars.In some extents,it really benefits to decrease the air pollution.

don't raise your voice, improve  your argument.

A is right,B is right.

what makes a non-argument?

1.emotional discourse

2. fictions

3. conditional statement

4. explanation

if,tnen