Branigan et al 2000; Sturt et al, 2010 : 双宾语动词启动，被试更容易产出介宾结构短语  

The competition model:

Linguistics information is represented as a broadly distributed network of probabilistic connections among linguistics forms and the meanings they typically express. Linguistics rules are treated as form-meaning and form-form mappings that can vary in strength, so that the same rule may be stronger in one language than it is in another, as a function of cross-linguistic differences in cue validity of equivalent linguistic forms. Different kinds of linguistic information (e.g., phonological, lexical, morphological, syntactic) are represented together in a common format, the process of mapping meaning onto the form (production), form onto meaning (in comprehension), and the process of evaluating the compatibility of two or more forms (e.g., in grammaticality judgment) all involve graded activation (excitation and inhibition). Decisions about what to say or how to interpret the input emerge through a quantitative process of competition and conflict resolution within this broadly distributed and richly interconnected knowledge base.