head
onset from the first stressed syllable to the nuclear syllable
nuclear syllable pitch-movement (necessary)
Pedagogical prioritiesBegin with the 3T theory first, i.e., tonality, tonicity and tone and then move on to the pitch contour.Teaching ProceduresPresentation-present the basic principles of tonality, tonicity and tone.Practice-repeat the intonation patterns and practice with predetermined, focused dialogues or passages.Production-produce the real life conversation with an appropriate intonation.It will be helpful to associate the nuclear tones with sentence types, a popular idea among the leaners is that statements often said with a fall, and questions with a rise. Although there is an element of truth in this generalization. It is far from the complete truth. In English, statements may have a fall, but they may also have a rise or fall rise. Questions may have a rise, but they may also have a fall or a rise fall.
C. the focus and the priority
1.1.3 The selection of texts A. Expression with high frequency of occurrence B. Famous quotes C. Classic excerpts1.2 The standards 1.2.1 British or the American model? Choose one model if possible1.2.2 What kind of standard? accent, intelligibility, comprehensibility Always observe the standard of native speakers Comprehensibility is the threshold for an acceptable learning outcome, but not a teaching standard. For Chinese learners of English, prosody deserves more attention than individual sounds.
2.How to teach Chinese Learners of English?2.1 Facilitate imitation 2.1.1Language perception and production(It’s importance to arouse and enhance learners’ awareness of the differences between what they heard and what they utter.)2.1.2 The role of mother tongue (let mother tongue facilitate)2.1.3 The value of intensive training
2.2 Link sounds to sense (sense in sounds, sounds for sense)2.3 Embrace flexibility (phoneme and variants, sound changes, sentence stress and weak form, intonation and rhythm)2.4 Step out of grammar teaching ABC2.5 Balance theory and practice
Alan Cruttenden. Gimson's Pronunciation of English Edward Arnold. 6th ed. 2001
Peter Roach. English Phontics and Phonology: A Practical Course . 3rd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3rd edition. 2008
John Wells. English Intonation. An Introduction. London: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006.
桂灿昆 美国英语应用语音学 上外教育出版社，1985
The Linguaphone Institute. English Course London: Linguaphone Institute Limited. 1970
节奏群基于重音，而语调群则根据意义划分。
Main features of English phonetics
1. 1. Segmental phonemes:
- Vowels: monophthongs and diphthongs
- Consonants: voiced and unvoiced
- 2. Suprasegmental phonemes:
- Stress: word stress and sentence stress
- How sounds change in connected speech: rhythm, liaison, elision, and assimilation
- Intonation: tonality, tonicity, and tone
Main features of English phonetics
1. 1. Segmental phonemes:
- Vowels: monophthongs and diphthongs
- Consonants: voiced and unvoiced
- 2. Suprasegmental phonemes:
- Stress: word stress and sentence stress
- How sounds change in connected speech: rhythm, liaison, elision, and assimilation
- Intonation: tonality, tonicity, and tone
relative open syllable
absolute open syllable
Linking: consonant to vowel, vowel to consonant
assimilation:
Intonation: tonality, tonicity and tone(fall, rise and rise-fall)
fall: definiteness
rise: incompleteness
rise-fall: implications
stressed syllables have a pitch chnage.
What does it mean? For example?
汉英对比 linking rthym assimilation elisions intonation
