目标清晰，在设计课堂活动时就要有目的的如何如何具体的思辨能力培养的目的和方法，学生也要有有意识，不仅是来学语言点词汇，还要知道培养自己的思辨能力。
inquiry-based learning
---involve ss
identify and research issues and questions to develop their knowledge or solutions
世界上确切的知识是很少的，很多是被不断地推翻。问题和探讨才是好的，苏格拉底式的对话。
举列：大学生应不应该结婚？
1.访谈5位同学
2.pairs:给对方说自己的调查，总结
3.两人达成共识，并汇报
书籍推荐：思辨方面---Paul and Elder,思想者指南
Ron Ritchhart ---making thinking visible
课题申报：思辨能力和语言训练的兼容性研究、思政教育和英语教学的兼容性研究
孔子---独学而无友则孤陋寡闻
培根---reading makes a full man, writing an exact man, conference a ready man.
target affective dispositions explicitpaul and elder 主编的外研社rit
教学目标：包括思辨能力。词汇，语法，内容之外，思辨能力的培养。
notes types
flowing notes
assessment notes
语言教学首先要教会学生如何思考
how to diliver a speech
how should i act?
be yourself
how should i talk
like you having a conversation
vocal variety
pitch
rate
volumne
how should i stand?
neutral position
holding notes
no hostage(no hands behind backs)
how should i move
no big gesturs
biut you can use small gestures
Aristotle's definition of rhetoric
finding all of hte available means of persuasion in any given circumstance
Aristotle's three artistic proofs
ethos--source credibility
logos--logical appeal
pathos--emotional appeal
Types of research
statistics
examples
expert tesimonial
obstacles while listening
1. drifting
2. electronic distractions
3. preoccupation in other issues
4. prejudice
5. selective perceptions
theory of nonconfrontation
communication happens whenever someone places meaning on sth
Axioms
--you cannot not communicate
--communication has relational and content aspects.
--communication can be intentional or unintentional
--communicaiton can be active or passive
--meanings are in people
substantially increase the quality and quantity of speaking opportunities.
思辨英语教学的八大原则（target，evaluate，reflect， routinize，inquire，fulfill，integrate，cooperate=terrific）
1. Target
--highlight CT objectives in your syllabus: cognitive skills and affective dispositions
---make CT explicit through the teaching procedure
《大学英语思辨教程》
2. Inquire 探究
思辨英语教学应提供通过思辨进行探索的机会
inquiry-based learning
--present established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge
--identify and research issures and questions to develop their knowledge or solutions
Qs must be designed to go down the surface
3. Routinize: 常规
思辨英语教学应设计有效的活动反复训练高阶思维
--learn CT knowledge: Paul and Elder, Bloom and Anderson, Delphi
--practice CT routines:
Ron Ritchhart, Making Thinking Visible
think-pair-share
pose a Q
think individually
exchange ideas in pairs
share ideas in groups
4. integrate: 融合
--the compatibility of language and CT
--content: disciplinary, systematic, challenging
--language learning: from explicit to implicit
5. reflect 反思
通过反思活动培养元认知能力和自我调节思维的能力
Think about one's own thinking:
--problem solving
--discussing problem-solving process and metacognition
6. cooperate 合作
思辨英语教学应构建合作学习共同体
-teachers' modeling critical thinking
-CT Culture
curious
open-minded
truth-seeking
respectful
...
7. evaluate: 评价
思辨英语教学应运用思辨标准评价学习活动
--apply intellectual standards to the elements of reasoning in order to develop intellectual traits
--bring intellectual standards into daily use
--incorportate CT performance in the course grade
8. fulfill: 激发
思辨英语教学应最大限度激发学习者的学习潜能和英语专业的人文教育潜能
--independent learning
--language for liberal education: liberal english education
