神机妙算U掐指一算，U粉儿们正盖着被子吹空调、吃着西瓜刷手机~可大家还记得暑假前背回家的书和立下的flag吗？
来来来，让小U用两个快问快答帮你扶起倒下的大旗！
【小白级】
What makes a speech? 了解英语演讲的童鞋应该会毫不费劲地写出这个配方：Introduction+Body+Conclusion
【大神级】
What makes a GOOD speech? 热爱英语演讲的童鞋或许会思考出这个配方：A “wow” introduction+A logical body+An effective conclusion
那么问题来了……
A GOOD Speech的正确打开方式是什么？
演讲时如何做到开篇吸引听众、主体连贯有逻辑和结尾引人深思呢？
做演讲如烹小鲜，精彩的立意、角度和观点是新鲜的食材，而有理有据、张弛有道的支撑材料（supporting materials），则是为演讲锦上添花的调料，使用得当会让食材变得更加美味多滋。
合适的支撑材料可以帮助充分阐述、论证演讲的主要观点，充实演讲主体，激发听众的情绪和同理心，给演讲增加可信度。
A speech composed of unsupported assertions may leave your audiences skeptical and unconvinced. Supporting materials are to enhance the credibility of the speech by showing that the speaker is sharing more than personal opinion.
支撑材料（supporting materials）的分类有很多种，小U今天给大家介绍一下使用频率较高、普适性较强的三种：
① 事例（examples）
② 数据（statistics）
③ 证言（testimony）
事例（Examples）
事例被许多有经验的演讲者视为“演说的生命”，可以帮助演讲者建立前提和定义。不是所有人都愿意直接接受一个观点，但几乎没有人能够拒绝听一个好故事，听众在感受故事的过程中可能会产生同理心，理解和接受演讲者的观点便是水到渠成的事。
I am one of those classic academic types who devote every moment to my studies. On weekends, I'm the kind of student who gets kicked out of the library at closing time on a Friday night, and then locks himself in the lab on Saturdays and Sundays. College for me used to be an exhausting, extended, lengthy journey full of ambiguities. I kept wondering, "Why am I here? Why does any of this matter? And where am I going?"
By Zang Yingjie (2016 FLTRP Cup)
分析：演讲者在开篇使用了扩展事例（extended examples ），详细讲述了自己因独自埋头学习而感觉校园生活枯燥疲惫，将听众带入演讲情境中，从而引起情感共鸣，为后面详述其主题Communication Is Wonderful作了铺垫。
数据（Statistics）
数据常代表客观事实，听众一般都会相信其真实性。经过统计分析后的数据结果往往会产生比较强烈的震撼感，如最近已87岁高龄的“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平教授在其演讲中是这样使用统计数据的：
It is expected that 60% more rice should be produced in 2030 than that in 1995. Currently, 1 ha. for rice production provides food for 27 people. By 2050, 1 ha. will have to support 43 people. If 50% of the conventional rice is replaced by hybrid rice, and estimating on a 2t/ha yield advantage of hybrid rice, it is estimated that the total rice production in the world will be increased by another 150 million tons, which can feed 400 million more people each year.
分析：不需要过多修饰，袁隆平教授仅凭这些数据和分析就让普通听众最快最直接地意识到了粮食问题的紧迫性。
此外，要记得哦，数据的选择和表达务必要谨慎：
①Ensure the statistics come from credible resources;
②Use appropriate statistics for your topic and present the statistics accurately and fairly.
证言（Testimony）
证言，即引证他人的观点。一般有专家证言（expert testimony）和普通证言（peer testimony）两种。演讲者可以通过引用或者转述他人证言来充实主要观点，增强演讲的可信度。下面是一组未使用和使用证言的对比，U粉儿们感受一下吧。
未使用证言：Communication helps remove the stereotype of nationality.
使用证言：
That was a summer in Thailand, where I met this girl. And she asked me: "Where are you from?" I said that: "Isn't it obvious that I am from China?" She laughed: "No, nowadays you can't tell where these people come from by their faces. Asian-looking persons could be citizens of any country."Because most of us are so used to deciding where these people come from by their appearances, and ignoring the fact that Asian-looking persons could be from anywhere and we are too lazy to actually have a good communication with others. Communication could help remove the stereotype of nationality.
学习了三种最主要的支撑材料，
可还是“巧妇难为无米之炊”怎么办？
小U特邀2016“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛季军肖意凡同学和大家聊聊如何搜集和准备演讲素材
肖意凡
2016“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛季军
1. 前期搜集整理要充分挖掘外刊文章等，并通过关键词归纳出几个方向。
2. 新意、时效性、思想性，素材应至少得其二。
3. 素材收集时应大部分归类，小部分抓零散句和aha moment。所谓素材的动静、新旧结合是指既要有时事接地气的动态事件，也要有文学、哲学等静态思想。
4. 阅读储备也是素材积累的重要环节。建议深挖精读几位名家，并就其观点有延展性地思考，这样在运用时可以选取任意角度切入，灵活变通。
意犹未尽还想听肖大神聊演讲怎么办？明晚（7月20日）21:00-22:00肖大神邀你一起“散步”，聊聊A GOOD Speech的养成之道~
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